尹鸿翔,王赟,高涵,肖劲柳,余云开,张健,王双飞,罗青柳.广西造纸产业能源结构转型的生命周期环境影响评估及典型企业生物质替代分析[J].中国造纸,2026,45(9):81-92 本文二维码信息
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广西造纸产业能源结构转型的生命周期环境影响评估及典型企业生物质替代分析
Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment of Energy Structure Transition and Biomass Substitution Analysis in Typical Enterprises of the Guangxi Pulp and Paper Industry
收稿日期：2026-04-25  修订日期：2026-05-27
DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.09.010
关键词:  生命周期评价  制浆造纸  能源结构  环境影响
Key Words:life cycle assessment  pulping and papermaking  energy structure  environmental impacts
基金项目:广西青年科学基金项目2024GXNSFBA010417广西“尖峰”行动计划项目桂科JF2503980034广西青年人才计划项目ZX02080030524003广西青年科学基金项目（2024GXNSFBA010417）；广西“尖峰”行动计划项目（桂科JF2503980034）；广西青年人才计划项目（ZX02080030524003）。
作者单位邮编
尹鸿翔* 1广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司,广西南宁,530031 530031
王赟 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
高涵 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
肖劲柳 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
余云开 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
张健 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
王双飞 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
罗青柳* 2广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西清洁化制浆造纸与污染控制重点实验室,广西南宁,530004 530004
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摘要:在“双碳”战略背景下，能源结构优化是造纸产业低碳转型的核心路径。本研究以广西造纸产业为研究对象，基于ISO 14040/14044标准，采用生命周期评价（life cycle assessment，LCA）方法，系统评估了2011—2021年广西区内能源消费结构演变的环境影响变化趋势，并量化生物质能源替代的改善效应与结构性约束。区域层面LCA分析表明，单位产品综合能耗下降14.5%，人体健康、生态质量与资源消耗3类终点损害指标分别改善4.8%、3.4%和2.0%。当企业的能源结构由直接燃煤向终端电力转移，电力的环境指标贡献（由38.3%升至51.8%）则会超越直接燃煤成为最大贡献源。典型蔗渣浆企业生物质替代情景分析进一步量化了上述结构性约束：当企业外购生物质比例从100%降至0时，海洋与淡水生态毒性潜值分别改善50.1%和49.9%，但化石资源耗竭潜值仅改善27.7%。综合环境效益与原料供给可持续性，建议将生物质厂内回用比例控制在60%~80%（外购20%~40%），并协同推进区域电网清洁化。
Abstract:Under the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, energy structure optimization represents a critical pathway for the low-carbon transition of the pulp and paper industry. This study investigated the Guangxi pulp and paper industry and employed the life cycle assessment (LCA) method in accordance with ISO 14040/14044 standards to systematically evaluate the environmental impact trends associated with the evolution of energy consumption structures from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, the mitigation potential and structural constraints of biomass energy substitution were quantified. Regional-scale LCA results demonstrated that the comprehensive energy consumption per unit product decreased by 14.5%, accompanied by improvements of 4.8%, 3.4%, and 2.0% in the endpoint damage categories of human health, ecosystem quality, and resource depletion, respectively. However, as the in-plant energy structure shifted from direct coal combustion toward end-use electricity consumption, the contribution of electricity to environmental impacts increased from 38.3% to 51.8%, surpassing direct coal combustion and becoming the dominant impact contributor. Scenario analysis of biomass substitution in a typical bagasse pulp enterprise further quantified these structural constraints. When the proportion of externally purchased biomass fuel increased from 0 to 100% (corresponding to a reduction in the proportion of internally recycled biomass from 100% to 0), the potential marine and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts were reduced by 50.1% and 49.9%, respectively, whereas the fossil resource scarcity potential decreased by only 27.7%. Considering both environmental benefits and the sustainability of biomass supply, it is recommended that the proportion of internally recycled biomass within pulp mills be maintained at 60%~80% (with externally purchased biomass accounting for 20%~40%), while simultaneously promoting the decarbonization of regional electricity grids.
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