| 李世龙,赵国红,贺瓶,赵一芳,卢雪峰,龙柱,戴磊.异丙醇辅助微波解聚木质素衍生多孔炭的制备及其电极材料性能研究[J].中国造纸,2026,45(10):140-152 |
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| 异丙醇辅助微波解聚木质素衍生多孔炭的制备及其电极材料性能研究 |
| Study on Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance of Porous Carbon Derived from Isopropanol-assisted Microwave-depolymerized Lignin |
| 收稿日期：2026-06-24 修订日期：2026-08-28 |
| DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.10.015 |
| 关键词: 木质素 微波解聚 异丙醇 多孔炭 超级电容器 |
| Key Words:lignin microwave depolymerization isopropanol porous carbon supercapacitor |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划 2023YFB4203704国家重点研发计划（2023YFB4203704）。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 李世龙* | 1江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江南大学绿色低碳纺织印染技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 | | 赵国红 | 2广东冠豪高新技术股份有限公司,广东湛江,524072 | 524072 | | 贺瓶 | 3江南大学分析测试与实验动物中心,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 | | 赵一芳 | 1江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江南大学绿色低碳纺织印染技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 | | 卢雪峰 | 1江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江南大学绿色低碳纺织印染技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 | | 龙柱 | 1江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江南大学绿色低碳纺织印染技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 | | 戴磊* | 1江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,江南大学绿色低碳纺织印染技术教育部重点实验室,江苏无锡,214122 | 214122 |
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| 摘要:本研究以酶解木质素（RL）为原料，采用异丙醇辅助微波解聚技术制备低分子质量木质素（DL）；分别以DL和RL为碳源、K2CO3为活化剂，通过一步炭化活化法制备多孔炭材料DLC和RLC，并进行理化性质表征和电化学性能测试。结果表明，异丙醇辅助微波解聚法降低了木质素平均分子质量，但使其分子质量分布有所拓宽，同时改变了前驱体的聚集形态和表面化学结构。尽管DLC的BET比表面积和总孔容均低于RLC，但其微孔比表面积贡献率和微孔孔容占比均高于RLC。DLC的BET比表面积归一化电容为16.7 μF/cm²，高于RLC（10.8 μF/cm²）。在三电极体系中，DLC在电流密度1 A/g下的比电容达到265 F/g，高于RLC（191 F/g）和商用活性炭YP-50F（114 F/g）。在功率密度为150 W/kg时，由DLC组装的对称超级电容器能量密度达到12.6 Wh/kg，循环12 000次后容量保持率为108.5%，库仑效率接近100%。 |
| Abstract:Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (RL) was used as the raw material， and low-molecular-weight lignin (DL) was prepared via isopropanol-assisted microwave depolymerization. Using DL and RL as carbon precursors and K₂CO₃ as the activating agent， porous carbons DLC and RLC were prepared through a one-step carbonization-activation process， followed by physicochemical characterization and electrochemical performance testing. The results showed that the method of isopropanol-assisted microwave depolymerization reduced the average molecular weight of lignin but broadened its molecular weight distribution， while also altering the aggregation morphology and surface chemical structure of the precursor. Although DLC had a lower BET surface area and total pore volume than RLC， the contribution of micropore surface area and the fraction of micropore volume were both higher for DLC than for RLC. The BET-surface-area-normalized capacitance of DLC was 16.7 μF/cm²， higher than that of RLC (10.8 μF/cm²). In a three-electrode system， DLC delivered a specific capacitance of 265 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g， higher than those of RLC (191 F/g) and commercial activated carbon YP-50F (114 F/g). At a power density of 150 W/kg， the DLC-based symmetric supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 12.6 Wh/kg. After 12 000 cycles， it exhibited a capacitance retention of 108.5% and a coulombic efficiency close to 100%. |
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