| 徐英杰,樊骐,张栋,冯赫,周宇欣,王露,史丽娟,段超.纤维素基磁性复合气凝胶的制备及其应用[J].中国造纸,2026,45(10):153-163 |
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| 纤维素基磁性复合气凝胶的制备及其应用 |
| Preparation and Application of Cellulose-based Magnetic Composite Aerogel |
| 收稿日期：2026-07-31 修订日期：2026-09-04 |
| DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.10.016 |
| 关键词: 纳米纤维素 复合气凝胶 电磁防护 |
| Key Words:nanocellulose composite aerogel electromagnetic protection |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金 22178206国家自然科学基金（22178206）。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 徐英杰* | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 樊骐 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 张栋 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 冯赫 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 周宇欣 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 王露 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 史丽娟 | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 | | 段超* | 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,陕西西安,710021 | 710021 |
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| 摘要:本研究以纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）为骨架，以二维MXene为导电功能相，以正硅酸四乙酯改性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒（T-Fe3O4）为磁损耗单元，以超支化改性木质素纳米颗粒（H-LNPs）为组分分散与界面调控剂，通过水热合成与冷冻干燥工艺，制备了具有三维多孔结构的CNF/MXene/T-Fe3O4/H-LNPs（CMFL）气凝胶。探讨了H-LNPs对MXene、T-Fe3O4的分散稳定机制及三维多孔结构对电磁屏蔽与红外隐身性能的调控规律。结果表明，H-LNPs通过氢键与静电相互作用成功负载于MXene表面，有效抑制了其堆叠，同时显著改善了T-Fe3O4的分散均匀性。所制备的CMFL气凝胶在X波段（8.2~12.4 GHz）最大电磁屏蔽效能达81.7 dB，吸收系数>0.5，可有效避免二次电磁污染。此外，该气凝胶凭借其独特的三维多孔结构，展现出优异的红外隐身性能，可将高温目标表面温度由75.3 ℃降至28.7 ℃，在电磁防护材料领域具有潜在应用价值。 |
| Abstract:In this study， cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were used as the framework， two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) as the conductive phase， tetraethyl orthosilicate-modified magnetite (T-Fe3O4) as the magnetic loss unit， and hyperbranched lignin nanoparticles (H-LNPs) as the core dispersant and interfacial regulator. A three-dimensional porous CNF/MXene/T-Fe3O4/H-LNPs (CMFL) aerogel was fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis and freeze-drying processes. The dispersion stabilization mechanism of MXene and T-Fe3O4 regulated by H-LNPs， as well as the regulation patterns of the three-dimensional porous structure on electromagnetic shielding and infrared stealth performances were investigated. The results showed that H-LNPs were successfully loaded on the surface of MXene through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions， which effectively inhibited the restacking of MXene nanosheets and significantly improved the dispersion uniformity of T-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The prepared CMFL aerogel exhibited a maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 81.7 dB in the X-band (8.2~12.4 GHz) with an absorption coefficient >0.5， which could effectively avoid secondary electromagnetic pollution. In addition， benefiting from the unique three-dimensional porous structure， the aerogel delivered excellent infrared stealth performance， which reduced the surface temperature of high-temperature targets from 75.3 ℃ to 28.7 ℃. The prepared aerogel possessed promising application prospects in the field of electromagnetic protection materials. |
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